Generally, your fertility is based upon your general health. If you live a healthy lifestyle, there is a high probability that your sperm will also be healthy. There are quite a number of threats that may affect male fertility. According to studies,nicotine, alcohol and recreational drugs are on the top of the list. Some are also connected to your everyday routine, like excessive stress, or overly intense exercise (may lower your sperm count by producing higher levels of adrenal steroid hormones, which lower the amount of testosterone in the body). Tight underwear, hot tubs, saunas, or anything that raises the temperature of your scrotum, including overheated vehicles and hot work environments, can also be the threat to male sperm count. You should also be aware of your working environment, such as exposure to environmental hazards like pesticides, paint, mercury, benzene, boron,radioactive substances, and heavy metals.

Lack of nutrition can also contribute to male infertility, including deficiency in vitamin C and zinc in your diet. Some diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, fevers, anemia) and infections are also suspect. These are infections of the reproductive system such as epididymitis, orchitis, and prostatitis. Some STDs such as chlamydia or gonorrhea also damages the spermatic ducts. You also risk transmitting your disease to your partner causing her to be infertile.

Some medications are also believed to be causes of male infertility. This include chemotheraphy, anti-fungal medication, antidiarrheal drug (sulfasalazine), and some groups of antibiotics (nitrofurans and macrolides). Likewise, the use of anabolic steroids is also known to cause testicular shrinkage and infertility.

Other threats to male fertility also include testosterone deficiency, trauma or injury to the testes, structural abnormality or blockage in the vas deferens, and varicocele, a varicose vein in the testicle that produces too much heat which harms and potentially kills sperm.

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